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KVKK/GDPR Technology and Regulatory Compliance Consulting

KVKK/GDPR Technology and Regulatory Compliance Consulting

Uniconsult diligently manages compliance projects through its holistic services, covering all regulatory, organizational, and technical processes applicable to data controllers under the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698 (KVKK) and related regulations.
Uniconsult reports existing risks to data controllers, establishes policies, and provides consultancy services on responding to requests from relevant individuals and/or institutions to ensure compliance with data protection and cybersecurity obligations. Additionally, it conducts audits and training activities to ensure the continuous compliance of data controllers with regulations, integrating relevant policies and procedures into the company culture based on needs.
It offers support services to internationally operating data controllers for compliance with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), along with data protection consulting, cybersecurity, and the implementation of data processing, protection, storage, and deletion policies.
Uniconsult delivers comprehensive technical compliance services, including DDoS protection, scanning and sniffing defense, DNS application security, network attack mitigation, UDP reflection and amplification protection, IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, DNS, SIP, and HTTP packet filtering, attack signature databases, penetration testing, PCI DSS security and compliance scanning, disaster recovery, logging (audit trail), and signing solutions. Additionally, it provides corporate email services aligned with data protection regulations.

Personal data refers to any information related to an identified or identifiable individual. Protecting personal data is essential to preserving privacy, as its exposure may lead to material and moral damages.

Sensitive personal data includes information such as health status, sexual orientation, political opinions, and criminal convictions. Such data is subject to stricter protection measures due to the risk of causing greater harm to individuals if exposed, potentially resulting in serious consequences like social exclusion.

Genetic data is categorized as sensitive personal data under the KVKK, and the definition outlined in the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is also acknowledged in Türkiye. According to this definition, ‘Genetic data should be defined as personal data relating to the inherited or acquired genetic characteristics of a natural person which result from the analysis of a biological sample from the natural person in question, in particular chromosomal, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis, or from the analysis of another element enabling equivalent information to be obtained.’ As genetic data is a type of sensitive personal data, its processing should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. In cases where processing is essential, it must be ensured that the necessary disclosure is made and, if required, explicit consent is obtained.

Biometric data, classified as sensitive personal data under the KVKK, is not comprehensively defined. However, it has been stated that the definition provided in the GDPR may also be applicable to Turkish data protection legislation. According to this definition, biometric data means “personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioral characteristics of a natural person, which allow or confirm the unique identification of that natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data.” As biometric data is a type of sensitive personal data, its processing should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. In cases where processing is essential, it must be ensured that the necessary disclosure is provided and, if required, explicit consent is obtained.

Articles 4 and 12 of the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK) and Articles 5 and 24 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) highlight the importance of managing the protection, processing, storage, transfer, and deletion of personal data within a legal framework. KVKK/GDPR compliance ensures that these processes are carried out in accordance with applicable legal regulations. This process is designed to safeguard the privacy of data subjects, establish control over personal data, and ensure data security. The compliance process aims to prevent legal sanctions, protect the rights of data subjects, and uphold institutional reputation and customer trust. It encompasses the creation of a detailed data inventory, risk assessments, the development of compliance policies, employee training, and ongoing audits, maintaining a dynamic structure.

KVKK/GDPR compliance is a continuous improvement process driven by regulatory updates and technological advancements. Contrary to common perception, it does not imply a ban on processing personal data but rather ensures that data processing activities are conducted lawfully and in alignment with the relevant regulations. Therefore, it is not limited to one-time actions such as fulfilling the obligation to register with the Data Controllers’ Registry System (VERBİS); rather, it requires the organization to continuously comply with data protection standards. KVKK Article 12 and GDPR Article 24 do not merely impose the responsibility of implementing technological security measures or providing specific documents on data controllers. This process embodies a holistic approach, necessitating the seamless integration of organizational structures, business processes, employee awareness, and corporate culture in every aspect.

KVKK/GDPR compliance is crucial for protecting individuals' personal data, safeguarding privacy rights, and ensuring data security, as stipulated in Article 20 of the KVKK and Article 1 of the GDPR. In addition to meeting legal requirements, compliance is vital for preserving an organization's reputation, fostering trust with customers and business partners, and mitigating potential financial risks. It helps organizations prevent legal penalties, reduce the likelihood of data breaches, and maintain business continuity.

Non-compliance, as outlined in Article 18 of the KVKK and Article 83 of the GDPR, can lead to serious consequences such as administrative and criminal sanctions, financial penalties, public disclosure of data breaches, and reputational damage. The high financial penalties that may be imposed under the GDPR can significantly impact an organization's financial standing. Additionally, non-compliance can result in long-term damages such as loss of customer trust, disruption of business partnerships, and legal disputes. This can negatively impact business continuity and weaken the organization's position in the market. For example, under the GDPR, non-compliance can result in administrative fines of up to 20 million euros or 4% of the organization's global turnover. Additionally, the public disclosure of data breaches and non-compliance incidents can severely damage an organization's reputation, undermine customer trust, and negatively impact business partnerships. In the long term, non-compliance may lead to legal disputes, customer loss, and disruptions to business continuity.

KVKK Article 12 and GDPR Article 30 outline that compliance processes begin with a comprehensive review of an organization’s existing data processing activities. This review includes data types, processing purposes, categories of processed data, recipients, and retention periods. Risk assessment involves identifying and managing potential threats and vulnerabilities to data security. Compliance policies and procedures are developed, employees are trained on compliance, mechanisms are established to enable data subjects to exercise their rights, and the process is completed through regular audits. These processes are continuously improved based on the evolving needs of the organization and regulatory changes. Additionally, GDPR Article 35 mandates conducting a risk assessment (Data Protection Impact Assessment).

Although this topic is not explicitly stated in legal texts, the continuity and updating of the compliance process are emphasized in both the general principles of the KVKK and the accountability principle outlined in Article 24 of the GDPR. The duration of compliance projects varies depending on the scope of the project, the size of the organization, the complexity of data processing activities, and the resources allocated to the project. Complex and large-scale projects may require the involvement of multiple departments and business processes, potentially taking several years to complete. A successful compliance project includes ongoing monitoring, assessment, and improvement processes, adapting to the organization's dynamic structure.

Under Article 3 of the KVKK and Article 4 of the GDPR, data processing activities refer to operations such as the collection, recording, storage, processing, transfer, updating, and deletion of personal data. These activities must be based on legitimate grounds, include the explicit consent of data subjects when required, and comply with relevant legal regulations. Data processing should be conducted transparently, securely, and in a manner that safeguards the rights of data subjects.

Under Articles 8 and 9 of the KVKK and Articles 44-50 of the GDPR, data transfer activities involve the lawful transfer of personal data to third parties or international organizations, ensuring appropriate security measures are in place and obtaining the explicit consent of data subjects when necessary. These processes must be conducted transparently and in full compliance with applicable regulations to safeguard individuals' rights.

Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Regulation on the Deletion, Destruction, or Anonymization of Personal Data mandates that data controllers required to register with the Data Controllers Registry prepare a critical document containing detailed information about the personal data processed by the organization. Article 30 of the GDPR includes a parallel regulation. A data inventory outlines the scope of data processing activities, processing purposes, data categories, recipients, transfer purposes, and retention periods. It ensures transparency and auditability in the compliance process, enabling continuous review and improvement of an organization's data protection practices.

While KVKK does not explicitly define data minimization, the GDPR describes it as "processing personal data in a manner that is adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary for the purpose of processing." This principle ensures that only the necessary personal data, appropriate and relevant to the intended purpose, is collected and processed. Consequently, processing or transferring more personal data than required is considered a breach of the data minimization principle.

The principle of proportionality, which is similar to the principle of data minimization, essentially means avoiding the processing of personal data that is unrelated to or unnecessary for achieving the purpose of processing. For example, requesting a person's mother's maiden name during an in-store purchase or asking for information about their social life would be inconsistent with the principle of proportionality. It is also important to note that data should not be collected from individuals based on potential future needs that may arise later.

The personal data protection policy developed as part of compliance projects outlines the data processing activities of data controllers and the principles, they must follow in conducting these activities. Given the nature of these policies, transparency in their preparation is fundamental.

As outlined in GDPR and KVKK, before carrying out any data processing activity, the data controller is required to fulfill the obligation to inform data subjects whose personal data is being processed. This entails providing details on who is processing their data, the purposes and legal grounds for processing, and any potential recipients of the data along with the reasons for its transfer. The obligation to inform can be summarized as the process of notifying the data subject about the personal data being processed. Naturally, this information must be prepared in a concise, clear, transparent, and understandable manner. In practice, the concepts of the obligation to inform and explicit consent are often confused; however, they actually serve different purposes. While explicit consent is not necessary for every data processing activity, the obligation to inform must be fulfilled in each instance. This obligation is a legal requirement imposed on the data controller by the relevant legislation. Therefore, in each obligation to inform, the existence of the legal conditions required by the law must be assessed. In 2024, data controllers who fail to fulfill their obligation to inform are expected to face administrative fines ranging from 47,303 Turkish Liras to 946,308 Turkish Liras. A data controller based in Türkiye that operates in compliance with GDPR provisions is still required to fulfill the obligation to inform under KVKK.

Explicit consent, as defined in both KVKK and GDPR, is the data subject's voluntary, specific, informed, and unambiguous expression of approval for the processing of their personal data, conveyed through a declaration or a clear affirmative action. Ensuring that explicit consent is given freely is crucial, and unlawful practices must be avoided. For instance, if access to a service is made conditional on membership, requiring and processing a prospective member’s fingerprint as a mandatory condition for establishing the membership contract would be considered unlawful.

Cookies are a mechanism that enables the storage of certain user information on their terminal devices when they visit a website. The document created by data controllers to inform data subjects about the personal data processed through cookies is known as the cookie policy. Given its nature, a cookie policy must contain specific mandatory elements, much like information notices.

To ensure the security of personal data, the data controller must first identify all processed personal data, assess the likelihood of potential risks associated with data protection, and evaluate the possible losses that may arise if such risks materialize. Based on this assessment, appropriate measures must be implemented. When adopting these measures, the primary objective should be to mitigate or eliminate risks through effective control mechanisms and solution alternatives. Administrative safeguards include the preparation of a personal data processing inventory, the execution of training and awareness programs, the submission of VERBIS notifications, the alignment of contracts with data protection regulations, and the continuous monitoring of risk assessments.

Just like administrative measures, data controllers must also implement appropriate technical measures by assessing the likelihood of risks to personal data security and the potential losses if these risks materialize. The use of intrusion detection and prevention systems, maintaining log records, adhering to data masking techniques, monitoring network security, and managing encryption keys are just a few of the legally required technical measures. For a data protection process to be considered compliant with the law, it is essential that both technical and administrative measures are implemented together.

The risk report is an integral part of compliance projects. It assesses the data controller's data processing activities for legal compliance, identifies areas of potential risk, and outlines the necessary steps and policies to mitigate those risks and ensure compliance.

Compliance is an ongoing process that requires continuous monitoring and revision. Due to the dynamic nature of business operations, data controllers may experience changes in their workflows or operational structures. Similarly, KVKK/GDPR regulations may also be subject to amendments over time. Therefore, compliance projects should be comprehensively reviewed and updated in response to operational changes, legal amendments, and, in any case, at least once every two years.

The flexibility of a data controller’s operational processes directly impacts the frequency of KVKK/GDPR compliance updates. Regulatory changes and institutional decisions necessitate regular reviews, improvements, and updates to maintain compliance. Additionally, responding to data subject requests, complaints, or data breaches requires proactive adherence to data protection regulations. Therefore, compliance is a dynamic and ongoing process that must be continuously monitored and adapted.

When a data subject submits a request, the application documents should be promptly reviewed to ensure compliance with procedural requirements. A response must be provided within the designated timeframe. As deadlines operate against the data controller, seeking professional support without delay is crucial. Failure to respond to a data subject request under GDPR and KVKK may lead to penalties.

Responding to a data subject's request is a legal obligation of the data controller. If no response is provided, the data subject may file a complaint with the Personal Data Protection Authority. Decisions issued by the Authority show that the failure to respond to such requests is carefully examined and significantly impacts the outcome. Under GDPR, failing to respond may also result in moderate to high administrative fines.

A data controller that has suffered a data breach must notify the Personal Data Protection Authority within 72 hours under KVKK and GDPR regulations.

In the event of a data breach, companies that fail to follow the required procedures may face administrative fines ranging from 141,934 TRY to 9,463,213 TRY under KVKK in 2024. Under GDPR, moderate to high administrative fines may also apply.

With the KVKK amendment, substantial revisions have been made to Article 6, which regulates the processing of special categories of personal data. As of June 1, 2024, the distinction between the legal grounds for processing health and sexual-life related special category data and other special category personal data will be removed. Furthermore, the conditions for processing special categories of personal data are being broadened.

Under the current system, the explicit consent of the data subject is required for the transfer of personal data abroad. However, cross-border data transfers can also be carried out without explicit consent if there are legal grounds for processing and if the Personal Data Protection Authority has issued an adequacy decision for the recipient country. In cases where no adequacy decision exists, data transfers may still take place if the data controllers provide a written commitment ensuring adequate protection and obtain approval from the Authority. The recent KVKK amendment introduces a phased system for cross-border data transfers, relaxing the strict explicit consent requirement. Until September 1, 2024, the existing explicit consent-based transfer regulations will remain in effect. After this date, a three-tier alternative framework will take effect, comprising "transfers based on adequacy decisions," "transfers based on appropriate safeguards," and "transfers based on exceptional circumstances." Data controllers must swiftly adapt their operations to comply with the new regulations.

Yes, the appeal authority has changed. Under the current KVKK, administrative fines imposed by the Personal Data Protection Authority can only be contested before the criminal judgeships of peace. However, with the recent amendment, these fines can now also be challenged before administrative courts. This change, set to take effect on June 1, 2024, marks a significant shift in the judicial appeal process. It is important to note, however, that any appeals already in progress before the criminal judgeships of peace as of June 1, 2024, will be concluded by those courts.

With the KVKK amendment, data controllers and data processors are now required to notify the Personal Data Protection Authority within five business days of signing standard contracts, a recognized method for cross-border data transfers. Non-compliance with this notification requirement may lead to administrative fines ranging from 50,000 to 1,000,000 Turkish liras. Notably, this amendment imposes a notification obligation on data processors for the first time.

The amendments will come into effect on June 1, 2024. However, the regulation on cross-border data transfers will remain in force until September 1, 2024. During this transition period, data controllers and data processors must promptly carry out the necessary preparations to ensure compliance with the new regulations.

Data controllers must reassess their processing of special category personal data and cross-border data transfer operations. Specifically, they should review their handling of health and sexual life-related personal data based on explicit consent. Before transferring personal data internationally, they must identify recipient countries, verify the existence of an adequacy decision for those regions or sectors, determine the purpose of the transfer, and classify the recipient as either a data controller or processor. Where necessary, they should negotiate and execute standard contracts, binding corporate rules, or commitments with the receiving party. Finally, both data controllers and data processors must take all required measures to ensure compliance with the new regulations.

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E-Commerce and Commercial Electronic Message Procedures Compliance Consulting

E-Commerce and Commercial Electronic Message Procedures Compliance Consulting

E-commerce is regulated activities not only by the fundamental legislation but also by the provisions of the Regulation on Electronic Commerce Intermediary Service Providers and Electronic Commerce Service Providers, published in the Official Gazette No. 32058 on December 29, 2022. Additionally, it is subject to various regulations such as the Law on the Regulation of Broadcasts on the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed Through These Broadcasts, KVKK/GDPR, the Consumer Protection Law, the Regulation on Distance Contracts, the Regulation on Distance Contracts for Financial Services, and the Regulation on Installment Sales. Uniconsult provides compliance consulting services to ensure that e-commerce activities are conducted in accordance with these regulations.
Uniconsult ensures the uninterrupted continuation of e-commerce activities by analyzing the technical needs related to system and data security and facilitating the creation of the necessary technical infrastructure.
Uniconsult provides recommendations regarding the technical obligations that companies must fulfill to ensure that service providers in commercial activities can deliver commercial electronic communication for promotional and marketing purposes to their customers in a correct and secure manner. In this context, it monitors regulations and provides reports.
Uniconsult provides effective and results-oriented solutions to ensure companies’ adaptation to the Message Management System (İYS) and other regulatory frameworks, designing integrator and permission management processes.

It is mandatory to have compliance documents on an e-commerce website. In fact, it is known that banks and payment institutions do not provide payment services to e-commerce websites that lack compliance documents.

An e-commerce website must include the Distance Sales Agreement, Pre-Information Form, Shopping Information Notice, if necessary, the Consent Form, Commercial Electronic Communication Consent, Cookie Policy, and other documents specific to the business sector.

No! Each company’s business processes are different. Therefore, documents must be prepared according to the structure of the e-commerce site and the regulations it is subject to. Incorrect or incomplete documents do not fulfill legal obligations.

Yes. E-commerce companies cannot send advertising, campaign, or congratulatory messages to their customers at will. In order to send such messages, consent must be obtained in accordance with the conditions outlined in the Regulation on Commercial Communication and Commercial Electronic Messages, and the content must comply with the Regulation. Additionally, not only SMS, but also email messages and voice calls are subject to approval within this scope.

Yes! Companies that send advertising, campaign, or congratulatory messages without properly obtaining consent from the customer are subject to an administrative fine per message/communication, which is determined annually based on the revaluation rate.

A business owner involved in e-commerce is required to comply with various regulations. While e-commerce law provides a general framework, it is a structure that brings together several different fields, such as personal data protection law, consumer law, and competition law. Therefore, in order to avoid potential sanctions in every e-commerce process that touches the end user, it is essential to establish a comprehensive system that ensures compliance with these legal areas.

E-commerce websites are platforms that inherently contain a large amount of customer data. It is beneficial for businesses to take appropriate cybersecurity and data protection measures to safeguard both customer data and brand reputation. Data breaches, deletion or exposure of customer data, DDoS attacks, and security vulnerabilities are some of the cybersecurity threats that businesses operating in e-commerce may face. To prevent these threats, attention should be given to privacy and security infrastructure during the site’s development stage (privacy by design), and effective security policies should be created in collaboration with legal professionals and cybersecurity experts.

Yes, it is mandatory. A sales contract must be established between the seller/provider and the consumer for the remote sale of goods and services. Contracts established through remote communication tools between the parties for the remote marketing of goods and services, without the simultaneous physical presence of the seller/provider and the consumer, are considered distance contracts. In cases where the sale is the subject of the distance contract, the existence of the distance sales agreement is required. Additionally, the other party in this distance contract must be the consumer.

Yes, it is mandatory. The pre-information form must be provided to the consumer immediately before the distance contract is established. The pre-information form is an obligation arising from the seller/provider to inform the consumer. The content of the pre-information form is regulated by relevant legislation. Failure to fulfill this obligation by the seller may lead to various legal issues.

The consumer has the right of withdrawal from the contract within fourteen days without providing any reason and without paying any penalty. The fourteen-day period starts from the day the consumer, or a third party designated by the consumer receives the goods in contracts related to the delivery of goods, and in contracts related to the provision of services, from the day the contract is concluded. The consumer can also exercise the right of withdrawal during the period between the conclusion of the contract and the delivery of goods. If the seller, provider, or intermediary service provider does not inform the consumer about the right of withdrawal, the consumer is not bound by the fourteen-day period to exercise this right. Therefore, it is important to carefully prepare legal documents to inform the consumer.

No, the consumer cannot exercise the rights of withdrawal in every case. The situations in which the consumer cannot exercise this right are regulated by the relevant legislation. With legislative amendments, new provisions may be added to these exceptions. Therefore, e-commerce businesses must closely follow the relevant legal regulations and updates to stay informed about both their own rights and obligations as well as those of consumers.

According to the Law No. 6563 on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce, the subjects of electronic commerce are defined as follows: • Service provider, namely “natural or legal persons engaged in electronic commerce activities”; • Intermediary service provider, namely “natural or legal persons who provide an electronic commerce environment for the economic and commercial activities of others”; • Electronic commerce intermediary service provider, namely an intermediary service provider that enables the conclusion of contracts or the placement of orders for the supply of goods or services by electronic commerce service providers in an electronic commerce marketplace; • Electronic commerce service provider, namely a service provider that concludes contracts or receives orders for the supply of goods or services in an electronic commerce marketplace or on its own electronic commerce platform.

Natural and legal persons operating in the fields of travel agency services, civil aviation, private pension, banking, financial leasing, factoring, financing, capital markets, payment services, insurance, betting and games of chance, and electronic communications are not considered electronic commerce intermediary service providers or electronic commerce service providers. Therefore, those operating in fields other than those mentioned above are obliged to comply with the Law.

As of 2024, electronic commerce intermediary service providers (ETAHS) with a net transaction volume exceeding TRY 32,950,500,000 and more than 100,000 transactions (excluding cancellations and refunds) in a calendar year, as well as large-scale and very large-scale ETAHS, and medium, large and very large-scale electronic commerce service providers (ETAHS) thar generate more than half of their total sales revenue from electronic commerce sales, are required to obtain and renew a license from the Ministry of Trade in order to continue their operations. a) If the amount is between TRY 32,950,500,000 and TRY 65,901,000,000, 0.03% of the portion exceeding TRY 32,950,500,000 is applied. b) If the amount is between TRY 65,901,000,000 and TRY 98,851,500,000, in addition to the amount calculated in (a), 0,5% of the portion exceeding TRY 65,901,000,000 is applied. c) If the amount is between TRY 98,851,500,000 and TRY 131,802,000,000, in addition to the amounts calculated in (a) and (b), 1% of the portion exceeding TRY 98,851,500,000 is applied. d) If the amount is between TRY 131,802,000,000 and TRY 164,752,500,000, in addition to the amounts calculated in (a), (b), and (c), 5% of the portion exceeding TRY 131,802,000,000 is applied. e) If the amount is between TRY 164,752,500,000 and TRY 181,227,750,000, in addition to the amounts calculated in (a), (b), (c), and (d), 10% of the portion exceeding TRY 164,752,500,000 is applied. f) If the amount is between TRY 181,227,750,000 and TRY 197,703,000,000, in addition to the amounts calculated in (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), 15% of the portion exceeding TRY 181,227,750,000 is applied. g) If the amount is between TRY 197,703,000,000 and TRY 214,178,250,000, in addition to the amounts calculated in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f), 20% of the portion exceeding TRY 197,703,000,000 is applied. h) If the amount exceeds TRY 214,178,250,000, in addition to the amounts calculated in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g), 25% of the portion exceeding TRY 214,178,250,000 is applied.

ETAHS (Electronic Commerce Intermediary Service Providers) are defined in three different scales: 1. Medium-Sized ETAHS: Refers to ETAHS with a net transaction volume exceeding TRY 32,950,500,000 in a calendar year. 2. Large-Sized ETAHS: Includes ETAHS with a net transaction volume of TRY 98,851,500,000 and more than 100,000 transactions (excluding cancellations and refunds) in a calendar year. It also carries the obligations defined for medium-sized ETAHS. 3. Very Large-Sized ETAHS: Refers to ETAHS with a net transaction volume exceeding TRY 197,703,000,000 and more than 100,000 transactions (excluding cancellations and refunds) in a calendar year. It also carries the obligations defined for medium and large-sized ETAHS. ETHS (Electronic Commerce Service Providers) are also defined in three different scales: 1. Medium-Sized ETHS: Includes ETHS with a net transaction volume of TRY 32,950,500,000 and more than 10 million transactions (excluding cancellations and refunds) in a calendar year. 2. Large-Sized ETHS: Refers to ETHS with a net transaction volume of TRY 98,851,500,000 and more than 10 million transactions (excluding cancellations and refunds) in a calendar year. It also carries the obligations defined for medium-sized ETHS. 3.Very Large-Sized ETHS: Includes ETHS with a net transaction volume exceeding TRY 197,703,000,000 and more than 10 million transactions (excluding cancellations and refunds) in a calendar year. It also carries the obligations defined for medium and large-sized ETHS.

ETAHS and ETHS must submit their license application via ETBİS in March of the calendar year following the year in which the thresholds were exceeded. For license renewal applications, they must apply via ETBİS in March of each calendar year, as long as the thresholds continue to be exceeded. Failure to fulfill this notification obligation may result in administrative fines imposed by the Ministry of Trade under the Law.

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KVKK/GDPR Technology and Regulatory Compliance Consulting

Fintech Projects Technology and Regulatory Consulting

E-Commerce and Commercial Electronic Message Procedures Compliance Consulting

Media and Advertising Law Consultancy

Technology Regulations Compliance Consulting

Technology Incentives Consulting

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KVKK/GDPR Technology and Regulatory Compliance Consulting

What is personal data, and why should it be protected?

What is sensitive personal data, and why is it subject to stricter protection procedures?

What constitutes genetic data, and what factors should be considered when processing it?

What is biometric data, and what should be considered when processing it?

What does KVKK/GDPR compliance mean?

What does KVKK/GDPR compliance not mean?

Why is KVKK/GDPR compliance necessary?

What are the risks of not ensuring KVKK/GDPR compliance?

How do KVKK/GDPR compliance processes work?

What is the duration of KVKK/GDPR compliance projects?

What do data processing activities mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What do data transfer activities mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What does data inventory mean in KVKK/GDPR Compliance projects?

What does data minimization mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What does the principle of proportionality mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What does the personal data protection policy mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance projects?

What does the obligation to inform mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What does explicit consent mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What does the cookie policy mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance projects?

What do administrative measures mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What do technical measures mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What does a risk report mean in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

How frequently should KVKK/GDPR compliance projects be updated?

Why do KVKK/GDPR compliance processes require continuity?

What steps should be taken when a data subject submits a request during KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

Why is responding to a data subject's request crucial in KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What actions should be taken in the event of a data breach during KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What are the consequences of not following the required procedures in the event of a data breach under KVKK/GDPR compliance processes?

What changes will take place in the processing of special categories of personal data under the KVKK amendment?

What innovations does the KVKK amendment bring to cross-border data transfers?

Did the authority for appealing administrative fines change with the KVKK amendment?

What are the new obligations for data controllers and data processors under the KVKK amendment?

When will the amendments to the KVKK come into effect?

What steps should be taken to comply with the KVKK amendment?

Fintech Projects Technology and Regulatory Consulting

E-Commerce and Commercial Electronic Message Procedures Compliance Consulting

Is it mandatory to have documents such as contracts and information notices on an e-commerce website? Can sales be made on the website without these documents?

What documents are required to be present on an e-commerce website?

Can the documents on an e-commerce website be taken from other websites and used?

Is there any obstacle for e-commerce companies to send advertising, campaign, or congratulatory messages to their customers?

Is there a penalty for sending advertising, campaign, or congratulatory messages without obtaining commercial electronic communication consent?

What is e-commerce law? Why is it important?

What are the cybersecurity threats on e-commerce websites?

What is a distance sales agreement? Is it mandatory to have it on an e-commerce website?

What is a pre-information form? Is it mandatory to have it on an e-commerce website?

What is the right of withdrawal? How is it used?

Can the consumer exercise the right of withdrawal in any case?

According to the Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce (“Law”), who are the subjects of electronic commerce?

Which natural or legal persons operating in which fields are obliged to comply with the Law?

What is an electronic commerce license? Is every company required to obtain one?

What do the scales mentioned in the Law mean?

Is there a specific calendar set each year for registration with the Electronic Commerce Information System (ETBİS)?

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